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Evolution Korea Korean scientists don't take any risks when it comes to the debate over evolution. The Society for Textbook Revise (STR) has been battling to have the Archaeopteryx and horses removed from textbooks, claiming they are typical icons of evolutionism. Confucian traditions, with their emphasis on worldly success and high valuation of learning, still dominate the country's culture. However, Korea is looking for an alternative model of development. Origins The development of Iron Age culture brought more sophisticated states like Goguryeo Baekje and Silla to the Korean peninsula. They all developed a unique cultural style that was influenced from their powerful neighbours. They also adopted elements of Chinese culture such as Confucianism, Buddhism and shamanism. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to implement its own version of government to the Korean people. It consolidated its power in the late 1st century and established a king-centered governing system by the early 2nd century. Through a series wars it eliminated the factions that were loyal to the Han dynasty from the north of the peninsula and expanded its territory in Manchuria too. At this time the regional confederation of Buyeo was established. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title of king, and his name was written down in the 13th century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was renamed Goryeo and hence the name was adopted by Korea. Goryeo was a thriving commercial state and also a place of learning. The people who lived there cultivated crops and raised livestock such as sheep and goats, and they created furs out of them too. They wrote poetry and dance-dramas with masks like sandaenori and tallori and held a festival every year called Yeonggo in December. The economy of Goryeo was boosted by trade briskly with other nations, including the Song Dynasty of China. Byeongnando was the gateway to Gaeseong, the capital of Gaeseong. Traders came from Central Asia, Arabia and Southeast Asia. Among the goods they brought were silk and medicinal herbs. Around 8,000 BCE In the year 8,000 BCE, the Koreans began to establish permanent settlements and began cultivating cereal crops. They also created polished stone tools, pottery and began to organize themselves into clan societies. The Neolithic Age lasted until the 12th century BC. At this time, Gija, a Shang dynasty prince from China, is said to have introduced high-culture to Korea. Many Koreans believed, until the 20th century that Gija and Dangun gave Korea their people and their basic culture. Functions Korea's previous development model that emphasized the importance of capital accumulation by the state and government intervention in industry and business, led to rapid economic growth that catapulted it from being one of the world's poorest economies to the ranks of OECD countries in just three decades. However, this model was fraught with corruption and moral hazard which made it not sustainable in a global environment of trade liberalization, openness and democratization. The current crisis has exposed the flaws of the current model and it is likely that another model will replace it. The chapters 3 and 4 examine the roots of Korea's government and business risk partnership and demonstrate how the emergence economic actors with an desire to maintain this system hindered Korea from adopting fundamental changes. These chapters, which focus on corporate governance and financial resource allocation, offer a comprehensive investigation of the underlying factors that led to this crisis, and suggest strategies to proceed with reforms. Chapter 5 examines possible avenues for Korea's post-crisis evolution of the development paradigm, exploring both the legacies of the past, as well as the new trends brought about by the IT revolution. It also examines how these trends will impact Korea's political and social structures. A major finding is that a variety of emerging trends are changing the nature of power in Korea and it is these changes that will determine the direction of the future of the country. In spite of the fact that political participation in Korea is still extremely limited new forms of democracy are emerging which are able to bypass political parties and challenge them, changing the democratic system in the country. Another important finding is that the power and influence of the Korean elite has decreased. A large segment of the population feels disengaged from the ruling class. This is a sign of the need for greater civic education and participation and new models of power sharing. The chapter concludes by stating that the success of Korea's new model of development will be determined by how well these trends can be incorporated and the willingness of people to make difficult decisions. Benefits South Korea is the world's ninth largest economy and the sixth fastest growing. It has a growing middle class as well as an R&D-based base that is the driving force behind innovation. The government has also recently increased its investments in infrastructure projects, to help boost the growth of the economy and promote social equity. In 2008 the Lee Myung-bak administration announced five indicators that would be used in an effort to establish a new system of development with a focus on improvements and practicality. The administration made efforts to streamline government organization and privatize public corporations for greater efficiency, and reform administrative regulations. Since the ending of the Cold War, South Korea pursues a strategy of integration of its economy with the rest of the world and beyond the region. The exports of advanced manufacturing technology as well as high-tech consumer electronic products have become a significant source of income. In addition, the government has been promoting the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, which has transformed the country from an agricultural one to one that is that is focused on manufacturing. The country also has an excellent standard of living and offers a range of benefits to employees, including the right to maternity leave and job security. Moreover, employers are required to subscribe to accident insurance, which covers the costs for work-related illnesses or injury. It is also common for companies offer private medical insurance to protect against illnesses that are that are not covered by National Health Insurance. As a result, South Korea has been considered a model of prosperity for many emerging countries around the world. However, the global financial crisis that struck Asia in 1997 challenged this notion. The crisis challenged the conventional wisdom about Asia’s miracle economies, and prompted an entirely new understanding of the role of the government in regulating risky private ventures. In the wake of this transformation it appears that Korea's future isn't clear. On the other side, a new generation of leaders has embraced the image of being a “strong” leader and has begun to explore market-oriented policies. A strong power base in the domestic arena makes it difficult to implement any major change. Disadvantages The revival and influence of the creationists is a major hurdle for Korean science in its efforts to inform the public about evolution. The majority of Koreans support teaching students about evolution however a small group led by Bun-Sam Liu (the director of the Society for Textbook Revise, STR) is insisting on the removal of evolution from textbooks. STR argues that teaching evolution encourages “atheist materialism” and creates an “unhopeful” worldview for students, which could cause them to lose faith in humanity. The roots of anti-evolution beliefs are complex and varied. 에볼루션 게이밍 suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. Additionally the one-sidedness of the government, bolstered by powerful conservative think tanks and business interests and business interests, has led to a growing distrust of the scientific community. In the final analysis the study's findings about numerous vulnerabilities point to the need for targeted policies that can reduce them before they occur. As Seoul continues to pursue its goal of becoming a more cohesive urban landscape, these findings can be used to inspire the creation of a united push for more inclusion in its policies. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying vulnerable neighborhoods and occupants is crucial to develop detailed compassionate policy measures to ensure their safety and welfare. For example, the disproportionate impact of the disease on Jjokbangs is a reflection of the socioeconomic disparities that can compound vulnerability to natural and human-made disasters. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that can bring all communities together to solve the city's most pressing challenges. This requires a fundamental shift in the structure and power of institutional politics. The Blue House can mobilize a large bureaucracy, and use the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and the intelligence bureau to exert influence on the political scene. These agencies aren't subject to any checks by institutions of the parliament or independent inspection agencies. This gives the president a lot of power to impose their vision on the rest the country. This is a recipe for the emergence of partisanship, which can result in stagnation and polarization throughout the country.